Summary
ML improves directed evolution when navigating fitness landscapes with greater non-magnitude epistasis (e.g., a sign change; (1)).
Figures

Ref (1)
1.
Li F-Z, Yang J, Johnston KE, Gürsoy E, Yue Y, Arnold FH. Evaluation of machine learning-assisted directed evolution across diverse combinatorial landscapes. Cell Systems. 2025;16(9):101387. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2025.101387