Nanobody framework residues more likely to be part of paratope than those of antibodies

Summary

Framework residues of nanobodies are more likely to be part of the paratope than those of antibodies (1,2). Nanobodies with extended CDR3 loops tend to involve framework residues more than those with kinked CDR3 loops (Bahrami (3)).

Figures

Ref Bahrami (3)

See also

• CDR3 far more likely to be part of paratope of nanobodies compared to antibodies

1.

Gordon GL, Capel HL, Guloglu B, Richardson E, Stafford RL, Deane CM. A comparison of the binding sites of antibodies and single-domain antibodies. Frontiers in Immunology. 2023;14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231623

2.

Ketaren NE, Fridy PC, Malashkevich V, Sanyal T, Brillantes M, Thompson MK, et al. Unique mechanisms to increase structural stability and enhance antigen binding in nanobodies. Structure. 2025;33(4):677-690.e5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2025.01.019

3.

Bahrami Dizicheh Z, Chen I-L, Koenig P. VHH CDR-H3 conformation is determined by VH germline usage. Communications Biology. 2023;6(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05241-y